Common Impairments (Saraswathy Ramamoorthy and Judith A. Meyers-Walls)
Stutter
Stuttering is an interruption in the flow of speech. These interruptions usually manifest in the form of:
Repetition of syllables or sounds
The holding of a certain vowel or consonant
Complete interruption of a pronunciation in which no sound is made.
Most children maintain a stutter as language skills develop but out grow it throughout early childhood.
Stuttering is three times more common in males than females.
Possible Causes:
Problems in the brain, nerves or muscles
Stress
Inherited family traits
Delayed Language
Some children do not develop language skills at the same rate as their peers. These children have problems keeping up with the grammar and word development skills.
Possible causes:
Hearing loss
Oral-Motor problems. This causes problems with the brains ability to transmit data to the muscles and nerves involved in speech.
Articulation Disorders
Articulation disorders occur when a child has difficulty making the sounds necessary for speech.
Common types of Articulation Disorders:
Omission- certain sounds, usually at the beginning of a word are left out.
Substitution- inserting a sound where another belongs
Distortion- a word is close to being pronounced correctly, however there is a slight problem, usually in the form of an extra sound.
Possible Causes:
Physical Handicaps
Poor language models
Hearing Loss
Voice Disorders
Voice Disorders are usually caused by traumatic injury to the vocal chords. These disorders are rare in children and can sometimes be corrected with speech therapy.
Aphasia
The part of the brain that affects language is damaged. This disorder affects not only speech, but the ability to understand words and language as well as the ability to read and write, This disorder is usually caused by:
Head Injury
Stroke
Cancer or Tumor
Stuttering is an interruption in the flow of speech. These interruptions usually manifest in the form of:
Repetition of syllables or sounds
The holding of a certain vowel or consonant
Complete interruption of a pronunciation in which no sound is made.
Most children maintain a stutter as language skills develop but out grow it throughout early childhood.
Stuttering is three times more common in males than females.
Possible Causes:
Problems in the brain, nerves or muscles
Stress
Inherited family traits
Delayed Language
Some children do not develop language skills at the same rate as their peers. These children have problems keeping up with the grammar and word development skills.
Possible causes:
Hearing loss
Oral-Motor problems. This causes problems with the brains ability to transmit data to the muscles and nerves involved in speech.
Articulation Disorders
Articulation disorders occur when a child has difficulty making the sounds necessary for speech.
Common types of Articulation Disorders:
Omission- certain sounds, usually at the beginning of a word are left out.
Substitution- inserting a sound where another belongs
Distortion- a word is close to being pronounced correctly, however there is a slight problem, usually in the form of an extra sound.
Possible Causes:
Physical Handicaps
Poor language models
Hearing Loss
Voice Disorders
Voice Disorders are usually caused by traumatic injury to the vocal chords. These disorders are rare in children and can sometimes be corrected with speech therapy.
Aphasia
The part of the brain that affects language is damaged. This disorder affects not only speech, but the ability to understand words and language as well as the ability to read and write, This disorder is usually caused by:
Head Injury
Stroke
Cancer or Tumor